3d microelectrode arrays  (Autodesk Inc)

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Real-time spike sorting with 3D neural probe and triangulation localization

doi: 10.1101/2025.03.30.645752

Figure Lengend Snippet: Illustration of exploration volume and significant volume in various 3D electrode arrays. (A) Illustration of the concept of exploration volume and significant volume with a simple cubic electrode array. For better illustration, the electrode array in 3D is projected to 2D. Black dots indicate electrodes, and black squares indicate electrodes, with their sensing radius of signals, i.e. 75 μm, in light blue. Union of light blue area and darker blue is defined as exploration volume. Intersection area with at least from 4 depicted in dark blue, which is defined as significant volume. Exporation volume increases while the electrode pitch increases, i.e. 45 μm to 100 μm. But significant volume decreases while the electrode pitch increases, i.e. 100 μm to 45 μm. (B) 5 types of 3D structures are proposed, i.e. simple cubic (SC), body-centered cubic (BCC), face-centered cubic (FCC), hexagonal, and tetrahedron. (C) Exploration volume increases in all types of 3D electrode arrays. Note that the linear array (Neuropixels-like) reaches peaks with electrode pitch of 100 μm. (D) Significant volume of all 3D electrode arrays dramatically increases and reaches peaks at electrode pitch of 85-100 um but decreases afterwards. Note that the linear array (Neuropixels-like) reaches the peak at electrode pitch of 45 μm.

Article Snippet: Although 3D silicon probes by stacking 2D probes have been developed[ – ] and commercialized (Neuronexus, ATLAS Neuroengineering), they cause severe tissue damage and are difficult to insert into the brain and therefore unfortunately are limited in their usage in larger brain regions.

Techniques:

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Real-time spike sorting with 3D neural probe and triangulation localization

doi: 10.1101/2025.03.30.645752

Figure Lengend Snippet: Simulated distribution of 1000 neurons network in a barrel column with 6 layers. (A) and 384-channel 2D linear electrode array (B1) and 384-channel 3D simple cubic electrode arrays (B2). (C) Increase the noise level by injecting white noise. From top to lower, signal-to-noise ratio of 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 40, and non-injected raw data.

Article Snippet: Although 3D silicon probes by stacking 2D probes have been developed[ – ] and commercialized (Neuronexus, ATLAS Neuroengineering), they cause severe tissue damage and are difficult to insert into the brain and therefore unfortunately are limited in their usage in larger brain regions.

Techniques: Injection

Journal: Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

Article Title: Inkjet-Printed and Electroplated 3D Electrodes for Recording Extracellular Signals in Cell Culture

doi: 10.3390/s21123981

Figure Lengend Snippet: 3D illustrations of the two methods for printing 3D microelectrode arrays: ( a , b ) stationary and ( c , d ) continuous.

Article Snippet: 3D microelectrode arrays (MEAs) were printed on a 125 μm thick polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) film (Teonex Q65HA, DuPont Teijin Films, Wilton, UK) using a silver nanoparticle ink (Silverjet DGP 40LT-15C, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) with a state-of-the-art inkjet printer (CeraPrinter F-Series, Ceradrop, Limoges, France).

Techniques:

Journal: Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

Article Title: Inkjet-Printed and Electroplated 3D Electrodes for Recording Extracellular Signals in Cell Culture

doi: 10.3390/s21123981

Figure Lengend Snippet: Tilt-corrected scanning electron microscope images of ( a ) a sintered 3D microelectrode array, ( b ) a pillar under focused ion beam analysis, and ( c ) a pillar after bulk milling and polishing. Different magnifications of the pillar shown in ( c ) are shown in ( d – f ). All pillars were printed with approx. 1600 droplets of AgNP ink, displaying a width of ~32 μm and a height of 500–560 μm. All images were captured using an acceleration voltage of 3 kV and a substrate tilted at 52–54°. Scale bars represent ( a ) 500 μm, ( b ) and ( c ) 100 μm, ( d ) 10 μm, ( e ) 1 μm, and ( f ) 100 nm.

Article Snippet: 3D microelectrode arrays (MEAs) were printed on a 125 μm thick polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) film (Teonex Q65HA, DuPont Teijin Films, Wilton, UK) using a silver nanoparticle ink (Silverjet DGP 40LT-15C, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) with a state-of-the-art inkjet printer (CeraPrinter F-Series, Ceradrop, Limoges, France).

Techniques: Microscopy, Microelectrode Array

Journal: Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

Article Title: Inkjet-Printed and Electroplated 3D Electrodes for Recording Extracellular Signals in Cell Culture

doi: 10.3390/s21123981

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( a ) Magnitude and ( b ) phase of the impedance of electroplated Ag-Au-Pt 3D microelectrodes, which were printed with different droplet numbers. The mean and standard deviation (solid line and shaded area, respectively) were calculated using 4 samples. ( c – l ) Tilt-corrected SEM images of the same 3D microelectrodes taken at a substrate tilt of ( c – g ) 0° and ( h – l ) 45°. All SEM images used an acceleration voltage of 15 kV. A magnification of ( c – j ) 1000×, ( k ) 350×, and ( l ) 250× was used. All scale bars shown have a length of 40 μm. The numbers in the legend and the upper right corner of the SEM images correspond to the amount of ejected Ag nanoparticle droplets.

Article Snippet: 3D microelectrode arrays (MEAs) were printed on a 125 μm thick polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) film (Teonex Q65HA, DuPont Teijin Films, Wilton, UK) using a silver nanoparticle ink (Silverjet DGP 40LT-15C, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) with a state-of-the-art inkjet printer (CeraPrinter F-Series, Ceradrop, Limoges, France).

Techniques: Standard Deviation